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Origin of Hakka 客家探源
来自：惠阳风情网
在惠阳98%以上的本地人是客家人，客家人是一个勤劳、节俭却又有点封闭的群体，主要从事农耕。所谓“客家”就是外来人的意思。
客家人起源于黄河流域，早在公元四世纪就开始了长期的移民。当时是为了逃避战乱和灾荒，后来是由于人口膨胀而不得不扩张地盘而移民。
闽西的客家土楼围屋 The Hakka's round earth buildings in west Fujian
More than 98% of the native population in Huiyang are Hakka. The Hakka are a thrifty, industrious people tend to be very clannish, chiefly agricultural, diligence, and love for the land. They became known as the Hakkas, which means "Guest People.
The Hakka actually began a long series of migrations in the 4th century, when they left the Yellow River area in northern China to escape invasions and chaotic wars. Many moved to less populated areas because of the pressure of population growth.
唐朝末年，当华北地区爆发黄巢的农民起义时，一群华北人迁徙到南方的福建和广东省。约在13世纪时进入广东。由于平原和三角洲地带已被别人占领，所以，他们只好定居在较为贫瘠的山区。其中一些人来到了惠阳，他们发现这里山水相宜，尤其是周围与世隔绝的山嶺给了他们的安全感，于是定居下来。经过辛勤的耕耘，使这里成为适宜耕作的地方。
A group of North Chinese migrated to South China, especially Guangdong and Fujian provinces, during the late Tang dynasty, when North China was in chaos caused by the peasants rebellion of Huangchao. They moved to Guangdong in 13th century. Because they were late comer and were not welcomed into the settled lowland and delta communities and they were forced into less fertile uplands. Some time later, some Hakkas settled in Huiyang, a lovely mountain valley with deep, rich soil and some small rivers.-- they felt at home because the hills provided isolation and protection. Although the county is mountainous, settlers worked hard to cultivate the few areas suitable for farming.
在长期的迁徙过程中，客家人一直遭受当地人的排挤和迫害。但不管走到哪里，客家人始终保持着他们的风俗和语言，保持其相对的族群独立性。甚至比现在的中原人保持更多的唐代的中原文化，（这一点我将在《客家方言》一章里加以论述）。很少与族群外的人通婚，也没有实行妇女绑脚的封建陋习。
The Hakka have always been persecuted by the natives of the regions in which they have settled. Wherever they went, they held on to their own customs and dialect. A close-knit people with their own distinctive customs and dialect, the Hakka have never been completely assimilated into the native population.--- they maintained their cultural solidarity, intermarrying rarely with other natives and refusing to practice such customs as the foot-binding of women.
客家妇女是世界上最勤劳的女人。她们从来没有绑脚，她们需要下田工作，还要经常逃避战乱。由于她们和男人一起工作，所以与别的地方的女人相比，她们的社会地位是较高的。有一个传说：南宋时期，一群操着扁担下田的客家妇女曾吓倒了追赶南宋皇帝的元兵，从而救了皇帝。
Women
Hakka women, even in ancient China, never bound their feet; they were needed to work in the fields, and they also had to be able to flee danger. Because they worked alongside men, their status was higher than that of most Chinese women.
Hakka Women are characterized by their strong personalities of sharing most heavy labor in the family. While during the migration, the men had to prepare all the time to defend any military intrusion, women had to take care of the home and family including minding the fields. They are easily recognized by their typical flat round hat woven with cane fiber, and rimmed with a skirt of black cloth. A round hole in the middle of the hat fits any head size. They are almost uniformly dressed in black with scanty embroidary along the seam. A legend has it that the regimentary look of a team of Hakka women marching to the fields had kept the Yuan soldiers from seizing the refugee |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2005-4-11 07:45:24
变色卡
抢沙发
发表于 2005-4-11 15:33:47