有没有谁看过桥本万太郎的这本书？

kaggarin

The Hakka Dialect: A Linguistic Study of its Phonology, Syntax and Lexicon (Princeton/Cambridge Studies in Chinese Linguistics)

• Paperback: 612 pages
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press; 1 edition (10 Jun 2010)
• Language English
• ISBN-10: 052113367X
• ISBN-13: 978-0521133678
• Product Dimensions: 22.8 x 15.2 x 4 cm
  
  Product DescriptionOriginally published in 1973, this was the second in a series of dialect studies planned and produced by the Princeton Chinese Linguistics Project. Professor Hashimoto, Director of the Project, describes the formation and distribution of the Hakka dialects, gives a synchronic analysis of the phonology and syntax, and carries out a systematic comparison with Ancient Chinese, providing the readers with an exhaustive list of words and phrases arranged according to all the known phonological categories of Ancient Chinese. The twenty pieces of dialogue included in this book for syntactic analysis, with their extensive grammatical notes and glossary, can be used as a manual of Hakka. The appendix includes an extensive bibliography of Hakka studies. The series represented the most systematic and detailed linguistic analysis ever attempted for the Chinese languages. It made available to specialists an indispensable working-tool and a comprehensive library of reference.
  
  Book DescriptionProfessor Hashimoto's work, published in 1973, describes the formation and distribution of the Hakka dialects through a synchronic analysis of the phonology and syntax that provides readers with an exhaustive list of words and phrases arranged according to all the known phonological categories of Ancient Chinese. This is an indispensable working-tool and a comprehensive library of reference for specialists.
  
  The 1973 hardback edition was the princely sum of ten pounds stirling and squirrelled away into the vaults of academe, so almost four decades later, this reprint is welcomed for it now gives the layman access to milestone in Hakka language research written in the English language. The 1973 edition of the book came with two huge fold out maps. This reprint has these maps reduced as double page spreads which is a little disappointing, but, it would have made the book expensive otherwise. I set eyes on a copy of the first edition whilst studying at university some twenty years ago. I have borrowed it several times over that period through inter-library loans.
  
  Hashimoto's Hakka informat, Vong Pin Fa spoke a variety of Hakka which Hashimoto associates with the Meixian koine. Modern Hakka works such as MeiXian FangYan CiDian edited by Li Rong or Zhang WeiGeng's Kejiahua CiDian are in agreement but shows there is a difference in pronuciations between them and Hashimoto. Mr. Vong's Hakka has a voiceless apical silibant (corresponding to Mandarin initial x ) in places where Li and Zhang's dictionaries have [h].
  
  A phonolgical analysis of Hakka is given to determine the sound structure of Hakka syllables including tonal analysis. As it only deals with a description of Meixian Hakka, which has fairly unpronounced tone sandhi features, we aren't told of sandhi phenomena in other Hakka dialects, despite the range of Hakka dialects alluded to in initial introduction.
  
  We then move onto a chapter on historical Hakka phonology. A lengthy list of words pronounced in Hakka are arranged according to the Middle Chinese sound stem to figure out what corresponding changes Hakka has undergone such as the devoicing and aspiration of voiced intials. Hashimoto finds a colloquial and a literary layer for spoken Hakka. A MC initial by MC initial account is given about the correspondences found in the modern spoken dialect. A description of the tone shows not all voiced Qu tone characters became Yang Qu this tone category. In fact, the Qu tone only splits for some coastal dialects like Hoiliuk.
  
  A description of tones found in many dialects of Hakka is then given forming a way to categorise them, and from it, he tries to reconstruct a Proto-Hakka sound system, which has Hoiliuk features. The fifth chapter discusses Hakka syntax and grammar, and interspersed with 20 dialogues written in IPA, with English glosses for each new item. The last chapter gives vocabulary under topics, such as kinship terms, parts of the body, etc. A list of references is given towards the end, and there is no index.
  
  Readers with little knowledge of historical Chinese phonology may have to read up, and also become acquainted with phonetic symbols too. Hashimoto favoured a superfix numeral to indicate the tone, rather using contours in his sounds transcriptions. Moreover, because of the correspondence between the place of articulation in m/p, n/t and ng/k pairs, Hashimoto uses sim6 to indicate a syllable pronounced sip6 (where 6 represents the yong2 nyip6 tone). This could lead to initial confusion. There is a close transcriptions of Hakka given in tables 1 and 2 on pages 86 and 87 respectively. Nowhere else are these used to represent Hakka syllables, instead a broad transcription is used. For those seeking a dictionary will have to look elsewhere. The list of vocabulary in tables from p.126 to p.351 are not given English language translations, but relying on a written Chinese equivalent where no other character was known. Even though it can be used as a primer for Hakka for language students, this book requires much background knowledge before you can fully appreciate it.
  
  The author, Mantaro J. Hashimoto died in 1987, and so the book's core content has not been updated. Since then, the field of Hakka dialectology has expanded with mainland Chinese, Taiwanese authors and scholars across the world like Rao BingCai, David Prager Branner, Lau Chun Fat, Laurent Sagart, Hilary Chappell and Christine Lamarre and hosts of others adding to our knowledge of the subject. This work brings together diverse sources in the introduction about the state of Hakka dialectology from the Late Qing era when western missionaries had access to China and created their works on the language or dialects they came across, through to the republican era and the time of Japanese occupation until post second world war research, so it acts as a useful booklist of source materials which we could go and seek out.
  
  如上面红字，很想知道桥本先生构拟的原始客家话是怎样的。
  

namlow

想知道有没有客家人对此书的评点?

kaggarin

今天才发现，原来社区hillv2 之前发过贴介绍过此书：
https://www.hakkaonline.com/thread-80044-1-1.html

namlow

回复 1# kaggarin 的帖子

.................and from it, he tries to reconstruct a Proto-Hakka sound system, which has Hoiliuk features................

MY simple induction analysis of this is that Hoiliuk and large area of Hakka speaking districts was under 潮州  rule that has the long historical background and not influenced by the later immigrants. For example the dialect of Meizhou is not rarely Hakka prototype. Meizhou Hakka dialect is under many time and space influencing factors. Of course this is the 1973 view from the author.

Some Taiwanese Hakka think that Meizhou Hakka is not Hakka but a putonghualized Hakka.

Another inclination of the above statement is that western missionaries was first landed in this area and had the first perception of Hakka Dialect kinds.

Below is the stupid Google translation of the last paragraph with my simple corrections so that it is readable:

Translate
作者，Mantaro J.桥本在1987年去世，所以这本书的核心内容一直没有更新。此后，客家方言的领域扩大与中国大陆，台湾作家和世界各地的学者像饶炳才，大卫普拉格Branner，刘振发，洛朗Sagart，希拉里查普尔和恭拉马雷和其他人加入到我们这个知识的主题。这项工作汇集了从晚清时代不同来源的西方传教士进入中国时，创造的语言或方言，他们引进客家方言的状态和他们的作品遇到了民国，和日本占领时代，直到第二次世界大战后的研究，所以我们可以去寻找它作为一个有用的源材料的书目。

kaggarin

我以前也试过用梅县话、惠阳话、五华话构拟它们的原始祖语，得出来的结果就是有点像海陆腔客家话（当然，其实还是有小小区别）。个人感觉海陆客家话、惠州市区话是比较传统的（或者说比较原始）。一方面，声母合并比较少（目前还有舌叶音声母[t∫][t∫h][∫]，但惠州市区话无），另一方面，声调也比较多。惠州客家话多出的那个声调，梅县兴宁将其混入去声，五华将其混入上声，很明显是后起的演变。

很兴奋Google图书有这部书的预览，不过只能预览一部分。